How to prevent pressure sores in a bedridden patient
A pressure sore (bedsore) forms when the skin is under pressure for a long time, most often on the lower back, heels and hips. Regular position changes, clean and dry skin and a daily skin check lower the risk the most. Pressure sores cannot always be prevented, so it matters to spot one as early as possible.
In short
- Change the patient's position regularly, day and night.
- Keep the skin clean and dry.
- Check the lower back, heels, hips, shoulder blades and the back of the head every day.
- Redness that does not fade when you press it with a finger is a warning sign.
What a pressure sore is and where it appears
A pressure sore is damage to the skin and the tissue under it caused by long pressure, most often in patients who lie or sit and cannot change position on their own.
It usually appears where bone is close to the skin: the lower back, heels, hips, shoulder blades, elbows and the back of the head.
Changing position
Turn the patient regularly, at night too, following the plan your doctor or nurse recommends.
When the patient lies on their side, put a pillow between the knees and behind the back.
Put a pillow under the calves so the heels do not touch the bed.
Do not drag the patient across the sheet; lift them or use a slide sheet.
Ask your doctor about a pressure-relieving mattress.
Skin, food and fluids
Keep the skin clean and dry; change wet pads and bedding straight away.
After washing, pat the skin dry gently, without rubbing.
Do not massage red areas.
The patient needs enough food and fluids; if they eat poorly, tell the doctor.
How to spot the first signs
A red area that does not turn pale when you press it gently with a finger.
Skin that is warmer, harder or painful at a pressure point.
A blister, a graze or an open wound.
Dark or purple skin.
When to contact a doctor
If you notice an open wound, a blister, dark skin or an unpleasant smell, or if a fever appears, contact a doctor.
This is general guidance and does not replace medical advice. For your patient, your doctor's instructions come first.
Frequently asked questions
How often should a bedridden patient be turned?
Regularly, day and night. How often depends on the patient's condition and the mattress, so let your doctor or nurse recommend a plan.
Is a pressure-relieving mattress needed?
For patients who lie in bed for a long time it often helps. Ask your doctor whether one is needed and which kind.
Should red areas on the skin be massaged?
No. Do not massage or rub red areas; take the pressure off that spot and contact a doctor if the redness does not go away.
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